The "Global Supply Chain Resilience Assessment Report (2025)" Was Released and Three Optimization Strategies were Proposed

In response to the "Xiamen Initiative for Global Supply Chain Development and Stability", Track China and the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing released the "Global Supply Chain Resilience Assessment Report (2025)". The "Report" analyzes the supply chain layout data of the world's top 500 companies and constructs a supply chain resilience assessment index system, identifying three major challenges facing the current global supply chain: geopolitics, technical barriers, and environmental risks. Based on this, the "Report" proposes three optimization strategies of "diversified layout, digital empowerment, and green transformation", and recommends that enterprises build a multi-regional supply chain network, promote the digital transformation of the whole chain, and practice green and low-carbon governance. The report has been included in the supply chain strategic planning reference document by several multinational companies.

Appendix: Global Supply Chain Resilience Assessment Report (2025)

1. Introduction
2. Research background

The global supply chain has entered a critical stage of "turbulent restructuring + resilient competition", with multiple shocks such as repeated epidemics, geopolitical conflicts, extreme weather, and technological decoupling superimposed, leading to frequent supply chain disruptions. As the "factory of the world", China has the world's most complete industrial system, accounting for more than 30% of the world's manufacturing added value in 2024, and is the core hub of the global supply chain. However, China's supply chain is currently facing challenges such as "dependence on foreign links in key links, single logistics network, and lagging risk response", and improving supply chain resilience has become the core task of ensuring industrial safety and cultivating new quality productivity.

2. Core concepts

Supply chain resilience refers to the dynamic ability of the supply chain to resist risks, recover quickly, and continuously optimize in the face of internal and external shocks, and the core covers the four dimensions of "redundant reserves, flexible adjustment, collaborative response, and technology empowerment".

3. Purpose of reporting

Systematically evaluate the current status of global supply chain resilience development and China's position in 2025, accurately identify the core strengths and outstanding shortcomings of China's supply chain resilience, and put forward the resilience improvement strategy of "technology empowerment, layout optimization, and collaborative upgrading", providing decision-making reference for the government to improve supply chain security policies, enterprises optimizing supply chain layout, and the industry to build a collaborative ecosystem, and helping China's supply chain achieve a leap from stable operation to resilience leadership.

2. The current status of the resilience of the global supply chain

(1) Ecological composition

At the global level, a traditional supply chain system with multinational enterprises from the United States, Europe, Japan, and South Korea as the core coexists with an emerging supply chain network with China as the core. China's supply chain ecology has formed a manufacturing and logistics leader with Foxconn, BYD, CATL, COSCO SHIPPING, etc. as the core, linking more than 10 small and medium-sized supporting enterprises, relying on 5G, industrial Internet and other technical service providers, superimposed on the national supply chain innovation and application pilot cities (45) and emergency material reserve bases (30) A complete support pattern.

(2) Core advantages

China covers 41 major industrial categories, 207 medium categories, and 666 subcategories, making it the only country in the world with all industrial categories in the United Nations Industrial Classification, with a local supply chain matching rate of more than 80%.

The logistics network is developed, with the world's largest port cluster, high-speed rail network and express logistics system, with port container throughput accounting for 35% of the world's total in 2024, and cross-border e-commerce logistics covering more than 190 countries and regions.

Technology empowerment is leading, with more than 1 billion industrial Internet platform access devices, and the application rate of AI, blockchain, Internet of Things and other technologies in supply chain traceability, demand forecasting, flexible production and other fields exceeds 40%, ranking among the top in the world.

The total retail sales of consumer goods in 2024 will reach 55 trillion yuan, providing room for redundant reserves and flexible adjustments in the supply chain.

(3) Existing challenges

Key links are highly dependent on foreign countries, with import dependence on high-end chips, core components, special materials and other fields exceeding 90%, and there is a risk of "bottleneck" in some fields.

The logistics network is not resilient enough, international logistics is overly dependent on sea freight (accounting for more than 85%), and problems such as port congestion and route interruptions have led to a logistics delay rate of 18%; The cost of cross-border logistics is 20-30% higher than the international advanced level.

The collaborative response ability is weak, the information sharing rate of the upstream and downstream of the supply chain is less than 50%, the coordination between core enterprises and small and medium-sized supporting enterprises is low, and the emergency transfer and replacement supply capacity is insufficient in case of emergencies.

The uncertainty of the external environment has intensified, the risk of "decoupling and chain breaking" caused by geopolitics has increased, and some countries have promoted "nearshoring" and "friend-shoring", impacting the global supply chain synergy.

3. Strategic development suggestions

(1) Independent and controllable industrial chain

Implementation entity: Led by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission, it jointly establishes the "Supply Chain Key Link Tackling Alliance" with leading enterprises and scientific research institutions, focusing on high-end chips, core components, special materials and other "bottleneck" fields.

Resource investment: The alliance shares R&D platforms and test data, with a total R&D investment expected to be 1500 billion yuan, focusing on supporting the construction of 20 national supply chain innovation laboratories.

Goal implementation: Achieve a localization rate of core components to 50% within 3 years, an independent guarantee rate of special materials exceeding 70% within 5 years, and establish 100 key link alternative supply bases.

(2) Diversification of logistics network

Build a multimodal transport system of "sea, land, air, rail and mail": encrypt cross-border land channels such as China-Europe trains and China-Laos railways, expand polar routes and cross-border air freight lines, and reduce the dependence on cross-border logistics and maritime transport to less than 70% by 2027.

Layout of global logistics hubs: Build 15 overseas logistics distribution centers in Southeast Asia, Europe, and Latin America, integrating warehousing, transportation, customs clearance and other functions to improve regional distribution efficiency.

Technology empowers logistics upgrades: Promote smart warehousing, unmanned transportation, and blockchain logistics traceability systems, and achieve a cross-border logistics visualization rate of more than 90% by 2026, and a logistics delay rate of less than 10%.

(3) Collaborative ecological intelligence

Build a national unified supply chain collaboration platform: integrate supply and demand information, production capacity data, and logistics status, realize real-time information sharing between core enterprises and upstream and downstream supporting enterprises, and access more than 5 enterprises by 2025.

Cultivate flexible supply chain capabilities: Promote modular production and customized service models, support the digital transformation of small and medium-sized supporting enterprises, and achieve more than 60% of flexible production in key industries by 2027.

Improve the emergency support system: Establish a national supply chain emergency reserve database, reserve more than 200 kinds of key materials, build a response mechanism of "peacetime coordination and wartime emergency", and shorten the supply chain recovery time to 72 hours in case of emergencies.

4. Prediction of future trends

(1) Short-term (3-5 years)

Strengthening the foundation of resilience: The localization rate of key links has been significantly improved, the multimodal transport system has taken shape, cross-border logistics costs have been reduced by 20%, and the recovery time for supply chain disruptions has been shortened to less than 3 days.

Industrial pattern optimization: 5-8 world-leading supply chain leading enterprises have been formed, 30 national supply chain collaboration demonstration platforms have been cultivated, and the regional supply chain collaboration network has been basically completed.

Deep technological empowerment: The application rate of industrial Internet, AI, blockchain and other technologies in the supply chain field exceeds 70%, and intelligence and digitalization have become the core support for supply chain resilience.

(2) Long-term (5-10 years)

Global benchmarking: China's supply chain resilience ranks among the top in the world, with an independent controllability rate of more than 90% in key links, a logistics network covering major economies around the world, and collaborative response capabilities reaching the international leading level.

Improved rule dominance: China-led supply chain resilience standards cover more than 30% of global trade turnover, and have more than 50% of core rule-making power in green supply chains, digital supply chains and other fields.

Ecological value upgrade: Forming a new supply chain pattern of "independent and controllable, flexible and collaborative, green intelligence, and global interconnection", China's supply chain has become the core ballast stone for the stable operation of the global supply chain, providing a "Chinese solution" for the resilience of the global supply chain.

5. Conclusion and outlook
6. Core conclusion

Supply chain resilience is the core capability to ensure national industrial security and respond to global uncertainties. China already has basic advantages such as industrial system, logistics network, and technology application, but shortcomings such as dependence on key links, single logistics, and insufficient coordination need to be solved urgently. Through the three strategies of independent control, network diversification, and collaborative intelligence, the resilience of the supply chain can be systematically improved and industrial security barriers can be built.

2. Future prospects

With the implementation of the strategy, China's supply chain will achieve a leap from "passively responding to risks to actively shaping resilience", further strengthening the core competitiveness of "independent and controllable, flexible and efficient, and global collaboration", which will not only provide solid support for the high-quality development of China's industry, but also inject stability and certainty into the restructuring of the global supply chain, and promote the construction of a more open, inclusive, and resilient global supply chain system.